Article 4 [Name of the State]
The name of the State is Ireland.
Article 5 [State Principles]
Ireland is a sovereign, independent, democratic state.
Article 6 [Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law]
(1) All powers of government, legislative, executive and
judicial, derive, under God, from the people, whose right it is
to designate the rulers of the State and, in final appeal, to
decide all questions of national policy, according to the
requirements of the common good.
(2) These powers of government are exercisable only by or on
the authority of the organs of State established by this
Constitution.
Article 7 [Flag]
The national flag is the tricolor of green, white and orange.
Article 8 [Language]
(1) The Irish language as the national language is the first
official language.
(2) The English language is recognized as a second official
language.
(3) Provision may, however, be made by law for the exclusive
use of either of the said languages for any one or more official
purposes, either throughout the State or in any part thereof.
Article 9 [Citizenship]
(1.1) On the coming into operation of this Constitution any
person who was a citizen of Ireland immediately before the
coming into operation of this Constitution shall become and be
a citizen of Ireland.
(1.2) The future acquisition and loss of Irish nationality and
citizenship shall be determined in accordance with law.
(1.3) No person may be excluded from Irish nationality and
citizenship by reason of the sex of such person.
(2) Fidelity to the nation and loyalty to the State are
fundamental political duties of all citizens.
Article 10 [Natural Resources]
(1) All natural resources, including the air and all forms of
potential energy, within the jurisdiction of Parliament and
Government established by this Constitution and all royalties
and franchises within that jurisdiction belong to the State subject
to all estates and interests therein for the time being lawfully
vested in any person or body.
(2) All land and all mines, minerals and waters which belonged
to Ireland immediately before the coming into operation of this
Constitution belong to the State to the same extent as they then
belonged to Ireland.
(3) Provision may be made by law for the management of the
property which belongs to the State by virtue of this Article and
for the control of the alienation, whether temporary or
permanent, of that property.
(4) Provision may also be made by law for the management of
land, mines, minerals and waters acquired by the State after the
coming into operation of this Constitution and for the control of
the alienation, whether temporary or permanent, of the land,
mines, minerals and waters so acquired.
Article 11 [Fund]
All revenues of the State from whatever source arising shall,
subject to such exception as may be provided by law, form one
fund, and shall be appropriated for the purposes and in the
manner and subject to the charges and liabilities determined and
imposed by law.